Deval Patrick | First Black Governor of Massachusetts

On July 31st, 1956, Deval Laurdine Patrick was born in Chicago, Illinois.
Deval Patrick was elected the first black governor of Massachusetts in 2006. He’s only the second black governor in U.S history.

Fourteenth Amendment

The Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans took effect on July 28th, 1868.  Although the Fourteenth Amendment was sent to Congress for ratification on June 16, 1866 it was not officially enforced until July 28th, 1868.